Which countries dominate lithium-ion battery supply chain in 2025?
BNEF’s inaugural ‘Global Lithium-Ion Battery Supply Chain Ranking’ finds that by 2025, China continues to dominate the supply chain while the U.S. and Sweden rise to third and fourth respectively
What makes China a successful battery manufacturer?
China’s success results from its large domestic battery demand, 72GWh, and control of 80% of the world’s raw material refining, 77% of the world’s cell capacity and 60% of the world’s component manufacturing, according to data from BNEF. In 2020, Japan and Korea rank number two and three respectively.
Does Europe rely on Chinese refined lithium?
Europe’s dependence on Chinese refined lithium is a critical issue. China dominates the global refined lithium market, controlling 82% of the global refined capacity for Battery Grade Lithium Hydroxide Monohydrate (BG LHM) in 2024 and 60% for Battery Grade Lithium Carbonate . This reliance poses several risks:
Which materials are used in lithium ion batteries?
Lithium, nickel, manganese, and cobalt are of particular significance for the dominant lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology, primarily relying on lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) cathodes. Geographically, the global supply is heavily reliant on China with competition expected to intensify.
How will China impact the global battery supply chain?
A particular focus was on the impact of China, given the potential repercussions of future export restrictions on specific battery production technologies, which could significantly affect the global supply chain .
Where are lithium batteries made?
Source: JRC analysis. The supply 1 of each processed raw material and components for batteries is currently controlled by an oligopoly industry, which is highly concentrated in China. Although China is expected to continue holding a dominant position, geographic diversification will increase on the supply side, mostly for refined lithium.
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China''s dominance in the battery supply chain
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